Ko te tongi koiora-waro i roto i te whakapūtanga te tukanga e whakamahia ana mō ngā kaupapa tukatuka tongi koiora-waro nui, rahi-waenga rānei. Ko te nuinga o ngā umanga whakatipu nui e whakamahi ana i te paru kararehe hei rauemi, ka whakamahia rānei e ngā umanga whakaputa tongi koiora-waro te whakapūtanga i roto i te whakapūtanga. Ko ngā painga matua o te tukanga whakapūtanga i roto i te tere o te mahi ina tukatukahia he nui ngā rauemi mata, he iti te papa e nohoia ana, ā, e whakahaere ana i te whakaputa me te tukatuka kaha. I roto i te tukanga tongi koiora-waro i roto i te whakapūtanga, ko te taputapu miihini matua e whakamahia ana ko te mīhini huri i roto i te whakapūtanga, ko ngā tauira noa ko ngā mīhini huri momo wira me ngā mīhini huri momo awaawa (e mōhiotia ana ko ngā mīhini huri momo maripi hurihuri momo awaawa).
Tukanga Tongi Waro Koiora Whakapūkara
Ko te tukanga tongi koiora-organic whakapūmau i roto i te tāke e wehea ana kia rua ngā wāhanga matua:
1. te wāhanga whakapūkara me te pirau;
2. te wāhanga tukatuka-muri
1. Te wāhanga whakapūkara me te pirau:
Ko te wāhanga tukanga whakapūkara me te pirau e kiia ana ko te wāhanga maimoatanga mua. I muri i te whakapūkara i te paru heihei, te paru kau me ētahi atu paru kararehe ka haria ki te wheketere tukatuka, ka tukuna ki te taputapu whakaranu me te whakaoho kia rite ki te taumaha, ki te mita pūtoru rānei e hiahiatia ana e te tukanga, ka konatunatua ki ngā rauemi āwhina (kakau, waikawa humic, wai, tīmatanga), ka whakatikatika i te ōwehenga waro-hauota o te wai whakapūkara kia rite ki te ōwehenga tohatoha o ngā rauemi mata, ā, ka uru ki te tukanga e whai ake nei i muri i te whakaranu.
Te Whakapūngao i roto i te Tāke: Tukuna ngā rauemi mata kua whakaranua ki roto i te tāke whakapūngao mā te whakamahi i te utauta, purangahia ki roto i te puranga whakapūngao, whakamahia he pā hau hei akiaki i te hauhautanga mai i te taputapu whakapūngao i raro i te tāke whakapūngao ki runga, ka tukuna te hāora, ā, ka piki te pāmahana o te rauemi i roto i ngā hāora 24-48 ki runga ake i te 50°C. Ina neke atu te pāmahana o roto o te puranga rauemi i roto i te awa i te 65 nekehanga, me whakamahi te mīhini huri me te maka momo awa mō te huri me te maka, kia taea ai e ngā rauemi te whakanui ake i te hāora me te whakamatao i ngā rauemi i te wā e hiki ana me te taka ana. Mena kei waenganui i te 50-65 nekehanga te pāmahana o roto o te puranga rauemi, hurihia te puranga i ia rā e 3, tāpirihia he wai, ka whakahaere i te pāmahana whakapūngao i te 50°C ki te 65°C, kia tutuki ai te kaupapa o te whakapūngao hau.
Ko te wā whakapūkara tuatahi i roto i te tāke he 10-15 ngā rā (e pāngia ana e te āhuarangi me ngā āhuatanga o te pāmahana). I muri i tēnei wā, kua tino whakapūkaratia ngā rauemi, ā, kua tino pirau hoki ngā rauemi. Whai muri i te pirau, ina heke te nui o te wai o te rauemi ki te 30% pea, ka tangohia ngā hua kua oti te whakapūkara mai i te tāke hei whakarārangi, ā, ko ngā rauemi kua oti te tango ka whakatakotoria ki te wāhi pirau tuarua mō te pirau tuarua, kia rite ai mō te whakauru atu ki te tukanga e whai ake nei.
2. Wāhanga tukatuka-muri
Ka kuruhia te wairākau kua pirau, ka tātarihia, ā, ka tukatukahia ngā hua haurua-oti kua tātarihia kia rite ki te rahi o te matūriki o te rauemi. E ai ki te rahi o te matūriki, ko ngā mea e tutuki ana i ngā whakaritenga ka hangaia hei paura tongi waro ka tākaihia hei hoko, ka tukatukahia rānei hei kirikiri mā te hangarau kirikiri, kātahi ka tākaihia i muri i te whakamaroke me te tāpiri i te reo me ngā huānga iti, ka rongoatia hei hoko.
Hei whakarāpopototanga, ko te tukanga katoa kei roto ko te whakamaroke ā-tinana o te kakau witi hou → te kuru i ngā rauemi mata maroke → te tātari → te whakaranu (huakita + paru kararehe hou + kakau witi kuru i konatunatua kia rite te ōwehenga) → te whakawairakau te whakapūkara → te tirotiro i te huringa pāmahana te pahu Te hau, te huri me te maka → te whakahaere makuku → te tirotiro → te hua kua oti → te tākai → te rokiroki.
Te Whakataki i ngā taputapu tukanga tongi koiora-organika mō te whakapūkara
Ko ngā taputapu hurihuri me te maka i te wāhanga whakapūkara o te tongi koiora-ora ko ngā mīhini hurihuri me te maka momo wira me ngā mīhini hurihuri me te maka momo hoe awaawa (e kiia ana hoki ko ngā mīhini hurihuri me te maka momo maripi hurihuri awaawa). He āhuatanga motuhake ngā tauira e rua, ko ngā rerekētanga matua ko:
1. He rerekē te hohonu o te hurihanga: ko te hohonu mahi matua o te mīhini huri momo awaawa kāore i te neke atu i te 1.6 mita, ko te hohonu o te mīhini huri momo wira ka eke ki te 2.5 mita ki te 3 mita;
2. He rerekē te whānui (whānui) o te tāke: ko te whānui mahi noa o te mīhini huri momo awaawa he 3-6 mita, ko te whānui o te tāke o te mīhini huri momo wira ka eke ki te 30 mita.
Ka kitea mēnā he nui ake te nui o ngā rauemi, ka nui ake te whai huatanga o te mahi a te mīhini huri momo wira, ā, ka iti ake te rahinga hanga o te tāke whenua. I tēnei wā, he painga te whakamahinga o te mīhini huri momo wira. Mēnā he iti te nui o ngā rauemi, he pai ake te whiriwhiri i te mīhini huri momo awaawa.
Wā tuku: Hanuere-04-2023
